|
Country
|
Fouling
($ Million)
|
1992 GNP
($ Billion)
|
Fouling
Cost/GNP %
|
|
UK
|
2500
|
1000
|
0.25
|
|
US
|
14,175
|
5670
|
0.25
|
|
New
Zealand
|
64.5
|
43
|
0.15
|
|
Germany
|
4875
|
1950
|
0.25
|
|
Japan
|
10,000
|
4000
|
0.25
|
|
Australia
|
463
|
309
|
0.15
|
|
Total
Industrialized World
|
45,029
|
22,510
|
0.20
|
The
evidence shows that fouling on the waterside of your equipment will increase
your energy cost tremendously. Current methods of maintenance/cleaning would
not be able to address this problem as equipment is not cleaned to bare
metal and fouling is spread over a large surface area.
A good
proactive/predictive maintenance program, with regards to waterside fouling,
reduces unplanned shutdowns, astronomical energy and operational costs,
lower maintenance budgets and maintaining optimum operating efficiency in
equipment.
The
effectiveness of heat exchangers is reduced with the increase in thermal
resistance; even a minute layer of fouling reduces thermal
conductivity.
Plainly stated, the growing cost of maintenance
is a serious business problem. According to DuPont, "maintenance is the largest
single controllable expenditure in a plant: in many companies it often exceeds
annual net profit."
One major U.S. automotive manufacturer has a
maintenance staff of between 15,000 and 18,000, all plants combined. They say,
"85% to 90% is crisis work" (breakdown).
Due to the:
